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| A | |
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Abstract
Unrecognizable forms and layouts. In the textile business the
word "abstract" is used to describe a nonobjective motif that cannot be described any
other way. »
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Adaptation
A design based on another design but significantly
modified and altered to be considered new and different. »
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Airbrush
Imitating effects produced with a painter's spray air
gun. Often creates patterns
with a light, soft, and modern look. »
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Alleyways
Unintentional lines formed by negative spaces (spaces vacant
of motifs) in a
design. »
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Allover
A layout in which
motifs are fairly close and
evenly distributed as opposed to stripes, borders, plaids, and engineered designs. Another
term is overall. »
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Anthemion
A classical motif
based on a stylized
honeysuckle plant or a radiating, fan-shaped palm leaf (palmette) commonly found in
Greek, Egyptian, Assyrian, and other ancient art. »
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Arabesque
An elaborate ornamental design of intertwined floral or geometric motifs. Commonly comes from (or
inspired by) Islamic art or architecture. »
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Argyle
A pattern of diamond-shaped rectangles in a
diagonal alternating (checkerboard) arrangement. Typically
uses a small number (two or three) colors. Mostly used in knitted
fabrics. An alternative spelling is Argyll. »
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Art Deco
A style of decorative art typical of
the 1920s and 1930s. The name was derived from the 1925 International
Exhibition in Paris that showed "des Arts Decoratifs." »
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Art Nouveau
A design style of the late 19th century characterized by
dynamic, flowing curves suggesting foliate motifs. »
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Asymmetrical Pattern
A pattern lacking
visible signs of symmetry, such as rotation or
reflection. »
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Asymmetry
The absence of symmetry in a motif or pattern. See Asymmetrical
Pattern. »
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Awning Stripes
A pattern of
relatively wide, even, usually vertical stripes of solid color on a
lighter ground. Resembles the
pattern on awning fabrics. »
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| B | |
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Background
The part of a design that appears to be farthest from the
viewer and behind the objects of interest. Can be a solid color, texture, random objects, or another
pattern (patterned ground). Also
called ground. Opposite of foreground. »
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Balanced Design
A design with no line-ups, alleyways, or holes. »
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Balanced Stripes
A symmetrical layout, in which colored bands are
arranged around a "center." »
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Bandanna
A square piece of usually colorfully patterned cloth worn on the head
(kerchief) or used as a
handkerchief, neckerchief, or a costume accessory. Also
bandana. »
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Barcode
A stripe
pattern consisting of lines of varying width as in a
barcode. »
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Basketweave
An allover
pattern resembling the structure of a basket or a woven
fabric. See also examples in weaving. »
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Batik
A design with a tie-dyed appearance created by coating
the parts of cloth not to be dyed with removable wax. Colors often
include indigo, dark brown, and white. Certain patterns have historic meanings and
can only be worn by nobility. »
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Bayadere Stripes
Brightly colored stripes of various widths laid out
horizontally (from side to side on the fabrics). The color effects
usually range from lively to startling to bizarre. Often made with
black warps and crosswise ribs (plain or twill weave). Mostly produced in
India. The name is derived from the Bayadere dancing girl of India,
dedicated to a dancing life from birth. »
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Bead and Reel
A decorative motif consisting of oval or round
shapes ("beads") alternating with elongated or cylindrical shapes
("reels"). »
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Bengal Stripes
Stripes of
apparently the same width and alternating light and dark colors.
Bengal stripes are usually wider than candy stripes, but narrower than
awning stripes. Commonly
used in wallpaper, upholstery, and shirtings. Originated in India and
became popular during the Regency era in the United Kingdom. Also
called Regency stripes
and tiger stripes. »
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Bird's Eye
A weave forming
small-scale diamond
shapes (diaper) each with
a dot in the center, suggestive of the eye of a bird. Also a
small-scale (typically geometric) design of a
similar shape. A somewhat bigger weave is sometimes referred to as
pheasant's
eye. »
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Blending
A technique of producing seamless patterns by
smoothing away boundaries between neighboring units of
repeat. »
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Block Printing
A type of relief printing where motifs are printed with wooden blocks.
One of the earliest methods of textile printing. »
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Block Repeat
A layout in which
the repeating unit appears directly on a horizontal line to the left
or right of the original design unit. Also called square repeat, straight-across repeat,
and straight
repeat. »
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Blotch
An irregular area of foreground or background color around the motif. »
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Border Design
A pattern designed
to run lengthwise along the edge of the fabric or
wallpaper. »
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Botanical
A pattern design showing realistic representation of herbs,
garden plants, and other botanical objects. Also a design based on
botanical illustrations. »
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Boteh
A stylized
teardrop-shaped design originally on shawls from Kashmir and
mass-produced in Paisley, Scotland. Same as paisley. »
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Brick Layout
A layout in which
every second row is shifted halfway in the horizontal
direction. »
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Brocatelle
A variant of damask
that incorporates a satin or
twill figuring that is
contrasted with a plain or
satin-weave ground. »
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Bull's Eye
A pattern of
concentric circles, often creating optical effects, such as movement
or pulsation. »
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Computer Aided Design (CAD)
A pattern design
CAD software application is a tool for creating repeat patterns by computer.
Not to be confused with fashion CAD systems that deal with creating
patterns for garments, footwear, or accessories. »
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Calico
A small-scale allover floral design in bright colors
originally from India. Later associated with American
country-style. »
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Camouflage
A pattern that
conceals the object by blending it into its environment or providing a
false impression of the object characteristics (disruptive
pattern). Digital camouflage patterns are often pixelated, without discernible shapes or features. »
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Cartouche
An oblong decorative figure resembling
a frame, tablet, shield, or scroll bearing an inscription or
emphasizing a design element. Used as a standalone or as part of a
pattern's motif. On ancient Egyptian monuments,
an enclosure for royal and divine names. »
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Cat Patterns
Patterns featuring cats or generally on a cat theme. »
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Celtic Knot
A knot formed by interfaced ribbons that lead seamlessly
into one another. Same as everlasting
knot. »
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Check
A pattern of
squares. Some of the check patterns (in order of increasing size) are
pincheck, mini check, Gingham check, tattersall check, and windowpane
check. »
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Chequer
A pattern of
squares of alternating colors, textures, or materials. Another
spelling is checker pattern. Same as checkerboard
pattern. »
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Chevron
A traditional, woven or printed design of zigzags in a
stripe layout, also called herringbone. »
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Chinoiserie
Any Western interpretation of an Oriental
design. »
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Chintz
Glazed fabric, usually printed in bright florals and stripes, mostly used
for drapery and upholstery, but also for apparel. »
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Christmas Patterns
Patterns on the Christmas theme. Used for gift wrap, fabrics, greeting
cards, and other applications. »
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Collage
A collage pattern
is one assembled by gluing paper scraps, photographs, cloth, or other
objects onto a flat surface. Also an imitation of such a technique.
Derived from the French "coller", to glue. »
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Composite Overlay
Two or more patterns stacked on top of each
other. A typical example is patterned
background. »
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Composite Repeat
A combination of two or more symmetry types in one pattern. For example, rotational
medallions put in a drop
repeat. In Artlandia SymmetryWorks, created with
replicas. »
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Contemporary
A design with simple, extremely stylized motifs. »
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Contour
A pattern of
outlines highlighting or suggesting shapes or figures of the motif. »
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Contract
A design for nonresidential markets such as offices,
hotels, and hospitals. »
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Conversational
A design with recognizable objects in the motif. Also called object prints. »
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Coordinates
Two or more designs related to each other in color,
subject matter, and/or technique that are intended to be used
together. »
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Coral
An organic allover pattern suggestive of
coral growth. »
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Counterchange
A design where a certain color of the motif and its ground are reversed in another part of
the design to balance the elements. »
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Coverage
The amount of design area in relation to the negative space. »
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Croquis
A fully painted design that is not in repeat; same as
sketch. »
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| D | |
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Damask
A jacquard woven ornamental reversible fabric usually in
one color. Originally produced from silk or wool. »
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Decorative Design
Artwork created for use in home furnishing and interior
decoration. »
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Diamond
A pattern whose
elements are arranged along diagonal (diamond) lines. »
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Diaper
A small-scale geometric pattern in a set layout of interlocking or closely
aligned forms. Also a weave
forming a diamond (diagonal)
pattern. »
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Digital Pattern
A pattern that consists of computer-generated elements,
such as pixelated or fractal shapes.
More broadly, can refer to digital pattern art.
An example of a digital pattern would be a digital camouflage pattern.
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Digital Pattern Art
A pattern created using a computer as an essential tool in the design
process. Examples include digital patterns that exhibit typical computer-generated elements or shapes,
such as pixelated or fractal shapes;
patterns that would be difficult or impossible to create without a computer, such as
algorithmic or procedural patterns; and patterns produced using digital image manipulation
techniques. »
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Directional
A design in which motifs are oriented along one or
several directions. Examples of directional design include one-way, two-way, and four-way layouts. Also a design
that looks correct from only one direction. The opposite is a non-directional (undirectional)
design. »
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District Check
A check
pattern that originates from uniforms identifying specific
Scottish estates. Famous district check patterns include the Glen checks, the Shepherd, the Dupplin, the
Benmore, and others. See also Tartans. »
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Ditsies
A ditsie (ditzy) is an allover design of small buds,
circles, zigzags, and other elements that are simple, eccentrically
silly, and may be funny. »
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Ditzy
A ditzy (ditsie) is an allover design of small buds,
circles, zigzags, and other elements that are simple, eccentrically
silly, and may be funny. »
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Documentary Design
A design based on documents or original (usually
historical) material and reproduced closely to the original, often
using a different technology. Compare to adaptation. »
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Dog's tooth
A pattern of small
broken or jagged checks
created by four-pointed stars. Same as hound's tooth. »
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Dotted Swiss
A pattern of
small, evenly spaced raised dots (usually on a thin, lightweight
fabric). »
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Drybrush
Employing or imitating effects produced with a brush
holding a small to negligible amount of paint. Characterized by a
scratchy, textured
look. »
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| E | |
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Eccentrics
An eccentric is a pattern of thin lines generating an
illusion of a distortion or op-art effects. Another spelling is
excentrics. The class is believed to be originated from the Lane's Net
pattern. »
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Egg and Dart
A classic design consisting of an oval element
alternating with an arrow-like element. »
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Engineered
A motif or group of
motifs designed to fit a specific shape. »
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Ethnic
Art typical of a specific nationality or a design based
on folk art. »
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Everlasting Knot
A knot formed by interfaced ribbons that lead seamlessly
into one another. Same as Celtic
knot. »
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Fall-on
One transparent color falling on another producing a
third color. Also called trapping. »
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Field
The area of a design that is not the border. »
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Figurative
A type of conversational design
that uses human or animal figures, often of historic, mythological, or
poetic origin. Another term is "figural" design. »
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Fleur-de-lis
A stylized
three-petal or four-petal lily. Originally a symbol of purity. Since
the Middle Ages has been used in heraldic ornaments. »
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Floral
A design using flowers and other nature elements such as
seed pods, leaves, and marine plants. »
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Foreground
The part of a design that appears to be closest to the
viewer and in front of other objects. Contrast to background. »
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Foulard
A small-scale pattern with basic block repeat, also called a set pattern or a tailored pattern.
Originally, the term foulard referred to a soft, lightweight silk
cloth. Classic foulards are small-scale, regular-shaped geometrics, usually in set
layouts. »
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Four-way Layout
A design in which motifs face all four directions, for
example, up, down, left, and right. »
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Fret Pattern
A plane geometric
pattern or an interlocking motif in a band or border that consists of lines
that meet at right angles. Also known as Greek key pattern. Often used as
an ornamental border
design. »
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Fretwork
Ornamental openwork, such as created with a fretsaw or
scroll saw. Often used in furniture of metal decorations. Also a
carved design in architecture. »
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Frieze Pattern
A pattern that
repeats in one direction. There are exactly seven (7) mathematical
classes of frieze patterns. Compare with two-dimensional (wallpaper) patterns that
have exactly seventeen (17) mathematical types. »
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Geometric
A motif, pattern, or
design depicting abstract, nonrepresentational
shapes such as lines, circles, ellipses, triangles, rectangles, and
polygons. »
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Geometric Design
A design based on a geometric pattern, often
contrasted with representational designs, such as floral or conversational. »
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Gingham Check
Fabrics woven in a block or check effect. An allover pattern of solid-color
squares made by overlapping stripes of the same width. »
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Glen Check
One of the district
check patterns that typically includes hound's tooth (broken) check areas on intersections of
alternating darker and lighter stripes. Also called the Prince of
Wales check. Commonly used in suiting fabrics. »
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Graph Check
A check
pattern created by crossing lines on a solid ground that resembles graph
paper. »
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Graphic
A design created for the purpose of printing. Also refers
to a design with a bold look. »
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Greek Key Pattern
A plane geometric
pattern or a border interlocking that
consists of lines that meet at right angles. Also known as fret pattern. Often used as an
ornamental border
design. »
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Ground
The part of a design that appears to be farthest from the
viewer and behind the objects of interest. Can be a solid color, texture, random objects, or another
pattern (patterned
ground). Also called background. Opposite of foreground. »
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Guilloche
A decorative repeat of
interlacing curved bands, sometimes forming circles. »
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Hairline Stripe
The thinnest stripe
pattern possible, with stripe width of about the diameter of
human hair. »
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Half-drop
A layout in which
the motif is repeated halfway
down the side in the vertical direction. The most frequently used
repeat in textile
design. »
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Hand
The style of an artist's design. Tight hand is very fine
and detailed; loose hand is a freer, more stylized way of
drawing. »
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Herati
A stylized
rosette, enclosed in a diamond, with a serrated
"acanthus leaf" along each side, often used as a motif in the rug designs from the
Caspian region. The "leaf" may actually represent a fish and then the
pattern is also called the mahi (fish) design. The name comes from the
city of Herat in Northwestern Afghanistan (formerly the Persian
empire). »
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Herringbone Pattern
A traditional woven or printed design of zigzags in a
stripe layout, also called chevron. Herringbone is also a
type of twill weave that
forms a "V" pattern (also called a broken twill). »
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Holes
Uneven gaps between motifs in a design. »
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Home Furnishing (Home Fashion)
A field of design dealing with products for interior
design and decoration, such as upholstery, bedding, rugs, and
carpets. »
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Hound's Tooth
A pattern of small broken or jagged checks created by four-pointed
stars. Same as dog's
tooth. »
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Ikat Pattern
A pattern design created by tie-dyeing either warp or weft threads prior to weaving the fabric,
or a design simulating such a technique. »
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Interlocking Pattern
An arrangement in which motifs are linked or otherwise fit
together so that one cannot be moved without affecting others. See
also tessellations. »
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Irregular Repeat
A design based on the same principles as the half-drop and brick layout repeats, but in
which consecutive units are not always moved by a fraction of the
repeat size. »
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| K | |
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Kerchief
A triangular scarf or a square scarf that is folded into
a triangle and worn over the head or about the neck for protective or
decorative purposes. A
bandanna is a colorful
kerchief. »
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Lane's Net
A pattern of diamonds rotated by 45 and 90
degrees. Diamonds are filled with thin lines radiating from the
opposing ends. Legendarily, created by accident in England in the
first part of the 19th century and is believed to engender the class
of eccentrics. »
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Latticework
A design of interlacing, crisscrossing stripes forming a
network. See also trellis. »
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Layout
An arrangement of motifs in a pattern, such as diamond, drop, gradation,
grid, spot, and others. Also
called repeat system. »
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Liberty Style
An allover,
small-scale organic (usually
floral and other
plant-inspired) printed or dyed patterns, characterized by highly
stylized, flowing
curvilinear forms and subtle, artistic tones of Art Nouveau, developed
by Liberty & Co. of London. »
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Line-up
An unintentional straight line formed by motifs in a horizontal, vertical, or
diagonal direction. »
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Logo Patterns
Patterns created from a logo. Used on stationary, fabric,
and other identity items. »
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| M | |
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Madder
A brown-red dye or pigment obtained from the roots of the
plant Rubia tinctorum or an analogous synthetic dye. Also known as
Turkey red. A pattern in that palette. »
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Madras
A design with brightly colored stripes, plaid, uneven checks, or other design
elements, usually on a plain-colored background. Characteristic for a
fine, plain-woven shirting
or dress cotton fabric originated in India. Bleeding madras used dyes
that resulted in bleeding and often fading of colors each time the
fabric was laundered. »
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Medallion
A circular part of the design in the shape of a disk,
oval, diamond, hexagon,
or other rotational figure, typically with a mirror symmetry, often
used in the center as a focal point of an engineered design, or as an
organic part of the motif. »
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Millefleurs
French for thousand flowers. A flower-studded pattern
with naturalistically depicted flowers, originally used on medieval
pictorial tapestries. »
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Mini Check
A very small-scale check pattern of even-sized
checks of the same color on a solid ground. Check sizes are somewhere
between the pincheck and the
Gingham
check. »
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Moire
Ripples, wavy lines, and similar effects produced by
superposition of two or more simpler patterns, for example, two sets
of lines. »
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Mongrel
A plaid design in
which the warp stripe
layout and filling stripe layout are
different. »
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Mosaic
A pattern constructed from small colored
pieces. »
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Motif
One or many distinctive and recurring elements, forms,
shapes, or figures that make up a design. »
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| N | |
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Naturalistic
A design with realistic depictions of organic or non-organic
forms. »
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Neats
A neat is an allover, small-scaled, spaced
pattern with floral or
geometric motifs usually printed in one or two
colors on a white or colored ground. Inexpensive to produce and
economical for dressmaking. »
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Negative Space
The area between motifs in a layout. »
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Non-directional
A pattern that looks the same from any direction. Same as
undirectional
pattern. The opposite is a directional
pattern. »
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Nonobjective
A design without recognizable natural objects, figures,
or scenes. »
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| O | |
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Object Print
Another term for a conversational
pattern. »
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Ogee
An onion-shaped motif. »
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Ombre
A shaded effect with gradual changes from dark to light
in value, and open to closed in coverage. »
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One-directional
A directional
pattern that has a distinct top and bottom. Often used in
floral, scenic, and figurative designs. See also
one-way layout. A typical
example is the one-directional allover pattern. »
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One-way Layout
A design in which all motifs are oriented the same way. See
also one-directional
pattern. »
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Optical Art
An abstract
artwork that creates the illusion of movement, vibrating effects,
moire (moiré)
patterns, an exaggerated sense of depth, or other visual
effects. »
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Organic
A design inspired by, based on, or composed of plants or
a matter of animal origin. Contrast to geometric. »
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Overall
A layout in which
motifs are fairly close and
evenly distributed as opposed to stripes, borders, plaids, and engineered designs. Another
term is allover. »
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| P | |
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Packed
A layout in which
the motifs are placed close
together. »
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Paisley
A stylized
teardrop-shaped design that originally appeared on kashmir shawls
mass-produced in Paisley, Scotland. »
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Palette
The selected group of colors, shades, or patterns chosen
to create a particular work of art. »
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Palmette
A classical motif
based on a stylized
radiating, fan-shaped palm leaf commonly found in Greek, Egyptian,
Assyrian, and other ancient art. Also Anthemion. »
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Patchwork
A pattern simulating a pieced-together effect of
different design elements. »
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Pattern
A design for decorating a surface composed of a number of
elements (motifs) arranged in a
regular or formal manner. Often refers to "repeat pattern." »
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Pattern Classifications
Ways to group (classify) patterns according to their
traits, such as: - symmetry (for
example, seventeen planar symmetry types)
- layout type (diamond, drop, gradation,
grid, spot, etc.)
-
layout arrangement (allover, foulard, etc.)
- pattern
directions (one-way, two-way, undirectional, etc.)
- motif or subject
matter (florals, geometrics, paisleys, conversationals, abstract, plaid, stripe, etc.; florals can be further
subdivided into roses, palmette (botanical or stylized), etc.; conversationals can be
subdivided into pictorials, figuratives, etc.; geometrics into line
patterns, argyle, etc.)
- production technique used or imitated (watercolor, airbrush, hound's tooth weaving, herringbone, chevron, satin, picotage, eccentrics, batik, etc.)
- repeating on
the infinite plane or designed to fit a specific shape (engineered)
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purpose or application (apparel, home furnishing, camouflage, etc.)
- scale (small-scale for
contract design or
large-scale for home
furnishing)
- target garment or accessory (rugs,
bandanna, neckwear, etc.)
- coloring (madders,
khaki, etc.)
- historic period, art movement, or place of
origin (Art Deco, Art Nouveau, Liberty style, Pop Art, Toile De Jouy, Herati, Tartan, ethnic (Indian, African tribal,
Maya, etc.), contemporary, etc.)
These classifications are not mutually exclusive
and patterns are frequently described as belonging to more than one
class; for example, an abstract undirectional allover madder camouflage pattern, which
has the simple shift symmetry and the half-drop layout. »
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Patterned Ground
A background
(ground) that is in itself a
pattern. Often consists of stripes, plaids, dots, zigzags, and other small
geometric elements or
textures, but can also contain
flowers and more complex motifs. »
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Pencil Stripes
A stripe
pattern produced by lines that are about as thick as ones
drawn by pencil. The distance between lines is often wider than the
lines. Also called dress stripe. »
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Pet Patterns
Patterns featuring pets or generally on a pets theme. One example is cat patterns. »
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Pheasant's Eye
A weave forming
diamond shapes that are
somewhat bigger than bird's eye
weaves. »
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Picotage
An old style of creating stipple patterns in textile printing
when highlights and shadows are produced with different sizes of brass
pins driven into a wooden block. Also called pinning.
Imitated with a modern technology to create an old-fashion
look. »
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Pincheck
A check
pattern produced by intersecting pin-sized stripes that are
one or two yarns thick. »
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Pinstripe
A stripe
pattern produced by (sometimes broken) very thin lines that
are one or two yarns thick. »
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Plaid
A design that consists of crossing bands or stripes of
color, almost always at right angles. »
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Plain Weave
The simplest weave
in which each weft thread passes over and under each warp thread.
Compare with plain and satin
weaves. »
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Pop Art
An art movement in the 1960s that featured graphic images
of everyday figures and objects. »
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Portfolio
A collection of designs. »
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Powdered Ornament
A pattern consisting of evenly spaced scatterings of
small motifs such as flower
springs and stars. »
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Primitive Art
Art that is simple, naive, or unsophisticated in style,
has the imagery of folk art, and often places emphasis on form and
expression and looks childlike. »
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Quatrefoil
A stylized
four-petal flower or a leaf with four leaflets used as a pattern motif or in an ornament, often having a
heraldic or symbolic meaning. A similar three-petal motif is a trefoil. »
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Quilting
The art of stitching two or more layers of fabric to
create a thicker garment, often having an allover pattern on the top
layer. »
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| R | |
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Random
A design in which elements (for example flowers) are
scattered randomly within the unit of repeat. Same as tossed layout. »
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Recall
The repetitive use of the same or similar motifs within a croquis or sketch. Variations in the motifs can
include color, shape, weight, or scale. »
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Regency Stripes
Stripes of apparently the same width and alternating
light and dark colors. Regency stripes are usually wider than candy
stripes, but narrower than awning
stripes. Commonly used in wallpaper, upholstery, and
shirtings. Originated in India and became popular during the Regency
era in the United Kingdom. Also called Bengal stripes and tiger
stripes. »
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Regimental Stripe
A stripe
pattern with colors originating from British regiments. Most
often used in neckwear. Also called regimentals. »
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Rendering
Another term for finished croquis. »
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Repeat
The horizontal or vertical distance between identical
elements of a repeat
pattern. In the United States, the repeat is usually
measured in inches, for example, a 27" repeat. »
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Repeat Pattern
A design for decorating a surface composed of a number of
elements (motifs) arranged in a
regular or formal manner. Same as repeating pattern. Often
simply called "pattern." See also seamless repeating pattern. »
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Repeating Pattern
A design for decorating a surface composed of a number of
elements (motifs) arranged in a
regular or formal manner. Same as repeat pattern. See also seamless repeating pattern. »
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Roman Stripes
Bright, multicolored contrasting vertical
stripes. »
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Sateen Repeat
A non-directional pattern in which motifs are arranged on a rectangular
grid in such a way that each "row" and "column" of the repeated unit
contains only one instance of the motif. Additionally, the motifs may be
rotated and/or reflected to produce a more uniform pattern. Same as
spot repeat. The
distribution of the motifs in the grid resembles the satin weave. »
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Satin Weave
A weave in which
each weft thread floats over as many as 12 warps and then under a
single warp. The next weft passes over the same number of warps, but
is woven in by different warps. Compare with plain and twill weaves. »
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Scale
The relative size of a motif or layout. »
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Scale Pattern
Design created with overlapping arcs. Also called
clamshells. Encountered in many cultures through the
millennia. »
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Scroll
A ribbon-like motif
in the shape of a partly rolled scroll of paper. »
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Seamless Patterns
Repeating patterns without visible boundaries between motifs. Created by elements of the motif that appear in a regular manner (as in set layout) or artfully extend beyond geometric boundaries of the repeating region (as in interlocking patterns). Blending of neighboring units is another way to achieve seamless repeats. »
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Serpentine Stripes
A pattern arranged along wavy (sinusoidal) lines,
reminiscent of reptilian movements. »
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Set Layout
A design in which motifs are arranged as if on a hidden
grid. »
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Shades
Colors to which black has been added. »
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Shepherd's Check
The simplest of the district check patterns
consisting of small, even-sized checks of two colors. Resembles the
Gingham check. Was also
known as "Spongebag." »
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Side Repeat
The horizontal repeat of a design or cloth. »
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Sketch
A fully painted design that is not in repeat; same as
croquis. »
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Spot Repeat
A non-directional pattern in which motifs are arranged on a rectangular
grid in such a way that each "row" and "column" of the repeated unit
contains only one instance of the motif. Additionally, the motifs may
be rotated and/or reflected to produce a more uniform pattern. Same as
sateen repeat. The
distribution of the motifs in the grid resembles the satin weave. »
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Sprig
A tossed
pattern of small shoots, twigs, or leaves of a plant,
commonly on a pastel background. »
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Square Repeat
A layout in which
the repeating unit appears directly on a horizontal line to the left
or right of the original design unit. Also called block repeat, straight-across repeat,
straight repeat, and
"full-drop repeat". »
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Stipple
Dots placed closely together, creating a textured or shaded effect. See also
picotage. »
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Straight-across Repeat
A layout in which
the repeating unit appears directly on a horizontal line to the left
or right of the original design unit. Also called block repeat, square repeat, and straight repeat. »
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Straight Repeat
A layout in which
the repeating unit appears directly on a horizontal line to the left
or right of the original design unit. Also called block repeat, square repeat, and straight-across
repeat. »
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Striae
A design made of stripes that change subtly in color
and/or texture in one
direction. »
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Stripe
A pattern of bands or strips, often of the same width and
color along the length. Some of the stripe patterns (in order of
increasing width) are hairline
stripes, pinstripes, pencil stripes, candy stripes,
bengals, and awnings. »
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Stylized
A design with modified or abstracted elements that give
the design a more decorative
look. »
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Surface Pattern
A repeat
pattern on a two-dimensional plane. Same as wallpaper pattern. There are
exactly seventeen (17) types of surface patterns. See wallpaper groups. Similarly,
there are seven (7) frieze
patterns that correspond to seven types of linear
patterns. »
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Swatch
A small piece of cloth used as a sample. In computer
programs, such as Adobe Illustrator, a pattern swatch is a tileable,
rectangular unit of a repeat
pattern. »
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Tapestry
A woven textile
art with hidden warp (vertical) threads and visible colored
weft (horizontal) threads usually depicting a floral design, geometric pattern, or
historic or other pictorial motif. Commonly used for wall hangings,
curtains, and upholstery. »
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Tartan
Woven plaids that
consist of stripes of different widths and colors that were originally
patterned to designate a distinctive Scottish clan. Now any plaids with a similar
look. »
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Tattersall
A relatively small-scale check pattern (smaller than
windowpane) produced by
regularly spaced, evenly colored thin lines on a usually light ground. »
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Tessellations
A repeat
pattern composed of interlocking shapes that
can be extended infinitely. »
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Textile Design
The art and science of designing for fabrics. Typically
(but not always) involves the creation of repeat patterns. Specifications
differ drastically depending on application (contract, apparel, home furnishings, etc.),
technology (printed, woven, etc.), and other considerations. Commonly
done with software. »
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Texture
A pattern creating the appearance, feel, or illusion of a
structure of a surface. Often depicts fabric, earth, wood, or
building, granular, and other materials. »
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Theme
A subject matter for a design or
collection; for example, a Christmas theme or a pets theme. »
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Toile De Jouy
A decorating pattern on a scenic, pastoral, or floral theme usually printed in one color on a
light or white ground.
Originated in 18th century France. Often abbreviated to
"toile." »
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Tossed
A design in which elements (for example flowers) are
scattered randomly within the unit of repeat. Also called random layout. »
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Tracery
The ornamental framework of interlacing stone, wood, or
cast iron ribs supporting (or implying the support of) glass in a
Gothic window. »
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Transitional
A naturalistic design that is
highly stylized, but
still showing some recognizable elements. »
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Trapping
One semi-transparent color falling on another to produce
a third color. Also called fall-on. »
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Trefoil
A stylized
three-petal flower or a leaf with three leaflets used as a pattern
motif or in an ornament, often
having a heraldic or symbolic meaning. A similar four-petal motif is a
quatrefoil. »
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Trellis
A pattern featuring a supporting structure of interwoven
pieces of wood or metal (latticework) sometimes adorned
with climbing vines or flowers. »
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Turnover
A design in which the motif is flipped horizontally or
vertically. »
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Twill Weave
A weave in which
each weft thread passes over two (or more) warps and then under the
same number of warps to produce diagonal ridges. Compare with plain and satin weaves. »
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Two-directional Pattern
A directional
pattern that has features in two directions, typically at
90° or 180°. A design that is reversible in the top
and bottom directions is also called a two-way design. »
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Two-way Layout
A design in which half the motifs face an opposite direction, for
example, up and down. See also two-directional
design. »
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Unbalanced Stripes
Unbalanced stripes do not have a "center" and are
asymmetrical stripes. »
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Undirectional
A design that looks the same from any direction. Same as
non-directional design. The opposite is a directional
pattern. »
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Vermicular
A pattern of irregular twisted lines (derived from the
Latin "worm"). Also called vermiculate and vermiculated (for example
vermiculated ground), seaweed,
scribble, maze, and network pattern. Can be formed by dots (see
stippling and picotage). »
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| W | |
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Wallpaper Group cm
A symmetry type characterized by reflections and glide-reflections with parallel axes.
Produces "Mirror & glide" patterns (cm patterns).
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Wallpaper Group cmm
A symmetry type characterized by perpendicular reflections and perpendicular glide-reflections.
Produces "Perpendicular mirrors & glide" patterns (cmm patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p1
A symmetry type represented only by translations (shifts).
Produces "Simple shift" patterns (p1 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p2
A symmetry type characterized by 180° rotations (half-turns).
Produces "Half-turn" patterns (p2 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p3
AA symmetry type characterized by 120° rotations.
Produces "Three rotations" patterns (p3 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p31m
A symmetry type characterized by reflections in axes intersecting at 60° and 120° rotations.
Produces "Three rotations & mirrors" patterns (p31m patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p3m1
A symmetry type characterized by reflections in axes intersecting at 60° and 120° rotations around centers
that lie on the reflection axes.
Produces "Three mirrors" patterns (p3m1 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p4
A symmetry type characterized by 90° rotations (quarter-turns).
Produces "Pinwheel" patterns (p4 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p4g
A symmetry type characterized by reflections and both 90° and 180° rotations.
Produces "Quarter-turns & rotated mirrors" patterns (p4g patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p4m
A symmetry type characterized by 90° (quarter-turn) rotations with centers on reflection axes,
as in a kaleidoscope produced by three mirrors, two of which intersect at 90° and two at 45°.
Produces "Quarter-turns & mirrors" patterns (p4m patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p6
A symmetry type characterized by 60° rotations.
Produces "Six rotations" patterns (p6 patterns).
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Wallpaper Group p6m
A symmetry created by reflections in three mirrors intersecting at 90°, 60°, and 30°.
Produces "Kaleidoscope" patterns (p6m patterns).
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Wallpaper Group pg
A symmetry type characterized by glide-reflections in paralel axes.
Produces "Glide reflection" patterns (pg patterns).
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Wallpaper Group pgg
A symmetry type characterized by glide-reflections in two perpendicular axes.
Produces "Double glide" patterns (pgg patterns).
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Wallpaper Group pm
A symmetry type characterized by reflections in parallel axes.
Produces "Mirror" patterns (pm patterns).
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Wallpaper Group pmg
A symmetry type characterized by parallel mirrors and parallel glides that intersect at right angles.
Produces "Parallel mirrors & glide" patterns (pmg patterns).
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Wallpaper Group pmm
A symmetry type characterized by reflections in perpendicular mirrors.
Produces "Double mirror" patterns (pmm patterns).
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Wallpaper Groups
A mathematical concept that uses symmetry to classify
surface repeat patterns
(repetitive designs on a two-dimensional plane). There are exactly
seventeen (17) wallpaper groups that correspond to seventeen different
types of surface
patterns. Similarly, there are seven (7) frieze groups that
correspond to seven types of linear (frieze)
patterns. »
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Wallpaper Pattern
A repeat
pattern on a two-dimensional plane. Same as surface pattern. There are
exactly seventeen (17) types of wallpaper patterns. See wallpaper groups. Similarly,
there are seven (7) frieze
patterns that correspond to seven types of linear
patterns. »
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Watercolor
Imitating effects produced by painting with watercolors
(aquarelles). Often creates patterns with light, soft, and transparent
gradations. »
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Weaving
A method of making fabrics by interlacing two sets of
yarns (threads), in which one set (warp) runs along the length of
fabric and the other (weft) runs from side to side. The three basic
weaves are plain, twill, and satin. »
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Windowpane Check
A widely spaced check
pattern resembling panes in a window. Commonly used on
suits, shirtings, and accessories. »
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Wreath
A ring-shaped intertwined garland of flowers or leaves,
often with ribbons and/or other decorations. »
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| Z | |
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Zalij
The intricate geometric mosaic tilework created from
sets of characteristic shapes, typically cut from enameled terracotta
squares. Used as decorations outside and inside buildings. Another
spelling is zillij. »
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Zillij
The intricate geometric mosaic tilework created from
sets of characteristic shapes, typically cut from enameled terracotta
squares. Used as decorations outside and inside buildings. Another
spelling is zalij. »
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